Datasets obtained from different scans were loaded into 3D evaluation software, superimposed, and compared for accuracy. Materials and methodsĪ representative model with 14 prepared abutments was digitized using an industrial scanner (reference scanner) as well as four intraoral scanners (iTero, CEREC AC Bluecam, Lava C.O.S., and Zfx IntraScan).
OPTISPRAY CEREC SOFTWARE
The 3D design also allowed better work flow, and software tools enabled manipulation of the digital partial.This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of intraoral scanners in full-arch scans. Later improvements to the computer's speed, size, and memory, along with the change from a 2-dimensional design program (CEREC 2 in 1994), to a 3 dimensional (3D) one (CEREC 3 in 2003), resulted in a more realistic virtual display for dentists to design restorations in a way that they were used to seeing with stone casts. Form grinding of dental ceramics (milling units) changed from a less precise diamond grinding wheel, which required more clinical adjustment, to a more precise 2-bur system in 2006 with a reduced diameter at the tips allowing for a more optimal internal and external detail of the ceramic restoration. The separation of the milling chamber from the image capture and design hardware led to a significant improvement in clinical efficiency by allowing simultaneous design of one restoration while milling a second one. Through continuous research and development, there have been significant hardware and software changes to the original CEREC system (Figure 1).
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OPTISPRAY CEREC FULL
The CEREC (ceramic reconstruction) system has evolved dramatically over the past 25 years, encompassing 3 generations of equipment and software since the introduction of CEREC 1, which offered only ceramic inlays and veneers, through CEREC 2 which included onlays and full crowns, up to the present-day CEREC 3 which offers enhanced capabilities designed to improve overall speed and accuracy. Even so, the idea was initially met with skepticism among practicing dentists, raising questions on the viability of its future acceptance. The concept that a machine-milled ceramic restoration could be fabricated chairside with the benefit of only one dental visit was revolutionary for restorative dentistry. On September 19, 1985, the first chairside ceramic inlay restoration was placed at the University of Zurich Dental School with the CEREC 1 CAD/CAM system (Sirona Dental Systems, Charlotte, NC).
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Following is a brief discussion of the evolution of CEREC and CAD/CAM, a review of the literature, a detailed explanation on the use of the current state of the art CEREC AC, and an examination of the benefits of CAD/CAM to the US Army dental mission.
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The CEREC system is the original and most-researched system on the market and has been used in the US Army Dental Command since 2003, and will therefore be the focus of this article. Paul, MN), and iTero (Cadent, Carlstadt, NJ). Currently, there are 4 CAD/CAM systems on the market designed for the ceramic restorative dental application: CEREC Acquisition Center (Sirona, Bensheim, Germany), E4D (D4D Technologies, Richardson, TX), Lava C.O.S. This technology would enable a dentist to complete one or multiple ceramic restorations (inlays, onlays, veneers, and full crowns) chairside in a single appointment.
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Computerized dentistry was introduced in 1980 when Dr Werner Mormann of the University of Zurich, anticipating the attraction of restoring posterior teeth with tooth-colored materials, developed the bonded ceramic inlay technique while at the same time addressing the issue of fabricating the restorations using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM).